Parliament of India-Sansad Bhavan
The Parliament of India, also known as Parliament House, is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral institution consisting of two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People).
The Parliament is responsible for making laws, discussing policies and representing the interests of Indian citizens.
Rajya Sabha: Rajya Sabha is the upper house of the Parliament. It is composed of members who are elected by the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies.
The President of India appoints a certain number of members who are called nominated members. The Rajya Sabha has a maximum of 250 members, and the term of its members is six years. One-third of its members retire every two years, and can be re-elected.
Lok Sabha: Lok Sabha is the lower house of the Parliament. Its members are elected by the people of India through general elections.
The Lok Sabha consists of a maximum of 545 members, including two members nominated by the President to represent the Anglo-Indian community if it is not adequately represented. The term of office of the members of the Lok Sabha is five years, unless they are dissolved earlier.
Parliament has the power to legislate on subjects included in the Union List, which include defence, foreign affairs, currency and communications.
It also shares legislative powers with the states in matters listed in the Concurrent List. The Parliament is headed by the President of India, who is the ceremonial head of state, and exercises his powers on the advice of the Council of Ministers.
The Parliament holds its sessions in New Delhi, the capital of India. The sessions are presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha or in his absence by the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha or the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
The Indian Parliament plays an important role in shaping the laws and policies of the country, and it serves as a forum to discuss, debate and take decisions on various issues of national importance.
Construction of the Parliament House of India
The foundation stone for the construction of the Parliament House of India, popularly known as Sansad Bhavan, was laid on February 12, 1921. The building was designed by the British architects Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker, who were also responsible for many other major designs. Buildings in New Delhi, such as Rashtrapati Bhavan (President's residence) and India Gate.
The construction of the Parliament House took several years, and was completed in 1927. The inaugural session of the Central Legislative Assembly, the forerunner of the present Parliament, was held on January 19, 1927, in the Parliament House.
The Parliament House has been renovated and expanded several times over the years to meet the growing needs of the Indian legislature. The most recent major renovation took place in 2020, involving the construction of a new parliament building adjacent to the existing parliament building. The new building, known as the Central Vista project, aims to provide modern facilities and increased seating capacity for Members of Parliament.
It is important to note that though the foundation stone was laid in 1921 and the initial construction was completed in 1927, the Indian Parliament has seen subsequent alterations and expansions to meet the evolving needs of the legislative body.
Rajya Sabha
The Rajya Sabha, which translates to the "Council of States," is the upper house of the Indian Parliament. It is one of the two houses of Parliament, the other being the Lok Sabha (House of the People). Here are some key details about the Rajya Sabha:
Composition:
The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution.
It consists of a maximum of 250 members.
Members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies.
The President of India can also nominate members to the Rajya Sabha, typically from fields such as literature, science, art, and social service.
The number of members nominated by the President should not exceed 12.
Term and Retirement:
Members of the Rajya Sabha serve a term of six years.
One-third of the members retire every two years, and their vacancies are filled through elections or nominations.
Members can be re-elected or re-nominated for multiple terms.
Powers and Functions:
The Rajya Sabha plays a vital role in the legislative process by reviewing, amending, and providing inputs on proposed laws.
It shares legislative powers with the Lok Sabha in matters enumerated in the Union List and Concurrent List.
The Rajya Sabha has special powers related to creating All India Services, authorizing the imposition of emergency powers, and approving changes to the boundaries of states.
Role and Significance:
The Rajya Sabha serves as a platform for national-level debates, discussions, and deliberations on important issues affecting the nation.
It represents the interests of the states and union territories, providing them a forum to voice their concerns and perspectives.
The Rajya Sabha acts as a check on hasty legislation by offering a forum for thorough deliberation and scrutiny of bills.
The Rajya Sabha, along with the Lok Sabha, forms the backbone of India's parliamentary democracy. Its composition, role, and powers ensure a balanced representation and participation in the legislative process, fostering a system of checks and balances.
Lok Sabha
The Lok Sabha, also known as the House of the People, is the lower house of the Indian Parliament. It is one of the two houses, the other being the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). Here are some key details about the Lok Sabha:
Composition:
The Lok Sabha consists of members directly elected by the people of India through general elections.
The total number of members in the Lok Sabha is 545, which includes 543 members from different constituencies across India and two members nominated by the President to represent the Anglo-Indian community if it is not adequately represented.
Term and Elections:
Members of the Lok Sabha serve a term of five years, unless dissolved earlier.
General elections to the Lok Sabha are held periodically, and the exact timing is determined by the President in consultation with the Election Commission of India.
The country is divided into constituencies, and each constituency elects one member to represent it in the Lok Sabha.
Powers and Functions:
The Lok Sabha is the primary legislative body responsible for the enactment of laws in India.
It has exclusive powers in matters related to the creation and dissolution of the Union Council of Ministers, money bills, and votes of no confidence against the government.
The Lok Sabha, along with the Rajya Sabha, participates in the lawmaking process by discussing and debating proposed bills.
Role and Significance:
The Lok Sabha represents the will of the people and acts as their voice in the legislative process.
It plays a crucial role in the formation and functioning of the government, as the majority party or coalition in the Lok Sabha forms the government and its leader becomes the Prime Minister.
Members of the Lok Sabha raise issues, ask questions, and participate in debates on various matters of national importance.
The Lok Sabha is an essential institution of Indian democracy, providing a platform for diverse representation, democratic decision-making, and public accountability. It reflects the aspirations, concerns, and diversity of the Indian population through its elected members.
Central Vista:New Sansad Bhavan
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| New Sansad Bhavan |
The new Parliament building, known as the Central Vista Project, aims to provide modern facilities and increased seating capacity for Members of Parliament. The project involves the construction of a new Parliament House adjacent to the existing Parliament House.
The Central Vista project envisages a comprehensive redevelopment of the Central Administrative Area in New Delhi, including iconic landmarks such as the Parliament House, Rashtrapati Bhavan (President's residence) and India Gate. It aims to create more efficient and integrated spaces for government offices, public spaces and cultural institutions.
The new Parliament building is designed to incorporate advanced technology and infrastructure to meet the evolving needs of the Indian legislature. It is expected to provide state-of-the-art facilities for parliamentary proceedings, offices for Members of Parliament, committee rooms and other ancillary facilities.
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